Quantum Assurance Pipeline · Preflight → Postflight · One Provenance Trail

One auditable trail from quantum job to verdict —
that checks its own models before it questions your hardware.

Quantum Clarity is an end-to-end assurance layer for quantum operations. QuantaCore™ qualifies and freezes not only the selected backend and qubits, but the physical execution path the workload will actually experience — placement, compiled schedule, timing exposure, dynamic-control context, and workload-relevant probes. Eigenspectrum™ then scores the returned result against a contract fixed before the outcome is seen. Every step is hash-bound, and the final verdict is recomputable from the provider's own raw output — no re-run required.

Why this matters for a platform

Calibration tells you whether qubits look healthy. It does not necessarily tell you whether your compiled workload will remain healthy while it executes. On IBM hardware we observed nearly identical zero-delay baselines across two runs, while the same nominal delayed path differed by 4.37σ. That is the gap QuantaCore is being extended to qualify before a costly workload is trusted.

The Pipeline

A single provenance trail,
submission to verdict.

The two halves are not separate tools that hand off. They are the preflight and postflight ends of one continuous, tamper-evident chain. Each stage emits a hash-bound artifact; the verdict at the end is bound to the contract declared at the start.

Unified runner: in integration
Input
Submit
job + declared intent
Preflight · QuantaCore
Qualify execution path
snapshot, placement, compiled schedule, timing exposure, probes — hashed
QPU
Execute
run on selected backend
Return
Artifacts
counts + provider job IDs
Postflight · Eigenspectrum
Score vs. contract
invariants fixed before the result
Verdict
ACCEPT / FLAG / ABSTAIN
bound to the frozen contract
QuantaCore — preflight & runtime
Eigenspectrum — postflight result assurance
The spine: every stage above produces a frozen, hash-bound record — execution-context SHA, contract SHA, policy SHA, circuit and result hashes, provider job IDs. The verdict is recomputable from the provider's own returned data, after the fact, by anyone — without touching the QPU again. The architecture runs end to end today, stage by stage; a single-command runner that drives the whole chain is in integration.
Execution-Path Qualification

Calibration says the QPU is healthy.
QuantaCore asks whether your workload will be.

Quantum providers publish valuable calibration data. IBM Quantum, for example, exposes per-qubit T1, T2 and readout error, plus instruction error rates and durations through the platform and Qiskit. Those numbers describe the device. They do not, by themselves, describe the physical timeline your transpiled workload will experience once routing, idle windows, measurement, feed-forward and conditional control are introduced.

What the provider already gives you

QuantaCore starts from the provider's own calibration and target data rather than replacing it.

T1 / relaxation
T2 / dephasing
readout error
1Q / 2Q gate error
gate duration
coupling / target data

IBM documents these properties through backend.properties(), backend.qubit_properties() and backend.target. See IBM Quantum · View backend details.

What QuantaCore adds

It evaluates the realized physical execution: which physical qubits were chosen, how the circuit was transpiled and routed, where the state sits idle, whether mid-circuit measurement or classical feed-forward is present, and whether a small matched probe says that path is behaving inside a frozen tolerance.

Distinct advantage: two qubit placements can look equally good in a calibration table yet behave differently under the timing and control structure of a particular workload. QuantaCore can prefer the path that is better qualified for that workload — or ABSTAIN before the full shot/QPU budget is spent.
From provider calibration to workload-specific assurance
01 · Provider
Read calibration
T1/T2, gate and readout errors, durations, connectivity
02 · QuantaCore
Select placement
choose backend, qubits and couplers from current + historical evidence
03 · QuantaCore
Compile & inspect
freeze ISA circuit, routing, schedule, idle exposure and dynamic path
04 · QuantaCore
Qualify path
matched probe — live; sampling-adequacy gate in development
05 → 07
Execute, score, verdict
as shown in the pipeline spine above
Better placement decisions
Prefer the physical qubit path that preserves the workload-relevant observable, not merely the one with the prettiest snapshot metric.
Less wasted QPU budget
A small preflight probe can stop an expensive run when the current execution path falls outside the registered envelope.
Cleaner scientific inference
Separate algorithmic changes from timing, scheduling or control-path effects before a hardware artifact is mistaken for a workload result.
Two Ends, One Spine

Where each half
does its job.

A quantum result can be untrustworthy for two different reasons: it ran somewhere unreliable, or it came back violating the rules it was supposed to preserve. The pipeline addresses both — and is honest about the maturity of each end.

Preflight · Execution

QuantaCore™

Records and freezes the conditions under which a quantum workload runs — backend and physical-qubit selection, calibration and device-health context, circuit and transpilation provenance, realized timing exposure, dynamic-control context, execution plans and limits. It can also run small matched probes to qualify whether the actual execution path is behaving inside a predeclared envelope before a larger workload is trusted.

Maturity: a control-disciplined diagnostic and provenance recorder, demonstrated on real IBM hardware — including noise-aware preflight qubit selection applied end-to-end to a third party's published protocol (EC-STORAGE-001, below). A prospective Kingston study has also demonstrated sensitivity to execution-path behavior that was not visible in the contemporaneous zero-delay baseline. Broader workload-level predictive gain remains under prospective evaluation.

QuantaCore detail →
Postflight · Results

Eigenspectrum™

Evaluates a returned result against a contract declared before the run — the invariants the result was supposed to preserve — and produces an auditable ACCEPT / FLAG / ABSTAIN. The contract, scoring policy, and thresholds are frozen and hashed before the outcome is known, so the acceptance rule cannot be quietly changed after the data is seen.

Maturity: a validated invariant detector — demonstrated on simulation with ground truth and on real IBM hardware.

Eigenspectrum detail →
The Evidence

What the pipeline
has actually shown.

Every figure below is reproducible. Hardware results are tied to public IBM Quantum job IDs — across three independent Heron-class processors to date — and the reported observables recompute from the provider's own returned measurement data.

The pipeline caught a fault in its own reference model.

A five-probe suite on IBM hardware produced a large residual on the single-qubit idle-relaxation probe. A conventional pipeline might have blamed the device. Ours did not. Investigation found the reference model had declared idle thermal relaxation as "modeled" while its executable path never applied duration-matched relaxation to the delay — a false capability claim inside our own reference, not a hardware fault.

The first repair was also rejected: it computed the correct analytic answer but reused it while claiming executable verification. Only a second repair — a real duration-aware path, independently sampled — qualified. After correction, a residual remained:

hardware P1 0.93945  ·  executable reference P1 0.90942  ·  residual +0.03003  ·  z 5.15  ·  RESIDUAL_DETECTED

And we still did not call it a hardware anomaly. The evidence establishes a result-versus-reference discrepancy — most likely a frozen snapshot stale relative to execution — and does not yet isolate the cause. The entire correction reused the original hardware counts, with no additional QPU execution.

Preflight selection, proven on someone else's protocol.

In February 2026, Yamaguchi, Kempf and collaborators published encrypted quantum cloning — a lawful workaround structure to the no-cloning theorem — and proposed quantum storage as its headline application, without measuring the storage regime itself. Our preflight layer selected the qubits from the same-day calibration snapshot and ran the first storage-lifetime measurement of their protocol, on ibm_kingston, the same device as their original demonstration, on a calibration day below chip median.

bare storage crossing ≈9.0 µs  ·  XY4-protected ≈18.6 µs  ·  fitted decay 8.8 ± 0.3 → 17.3 ± 0.5 µs  ·  QPU one job, ≈23 s, zero reruns

Pre-registered — including a prediction miss, documented in the record rather than hidden. Data, calibration snapshot, and a public reproduction script: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21299091.

Our own 8.9σ result did not survive our own follow-up.

On ibm_kingston, a Bell-state timing study measured a large, highly significant loss across a nominal 1.444-µs idle window. Rather than publish it, we pre-registered a held-out replication on the same qubit pair, with that point excluded from the grid used to predict it. It did not reproduce.

original result 8.9σ  ·  zero-delay cross-run 0.28σ  ·  delayed cross-run 4.37σ  ·  held-out prediction 0.55σ  ·  RETRACTED BY PRE-REGISTERED FOLLOW-UP

We do not know which run was correct, and do not claim to. What is established is narrower and more useful: a zero-delay baseline can reproduce to 0.28σ while a timing-dependent condition on the same qubits differs by 4.37σ. This was designed by hand, not caught by a preflight gate — it is the gap QuantaCore is being extended to close, not a capability it has.

The follow-up also found a fault we had missed: the earlier sweep sampled every 21.28 µs against a 20.2 µs Nyquist limit, making an ordinary phase winding look like chaotic decoherence. The finer grid resolved it at −24.804 ± 0.173 kHz (reduced χ² = 0.79). Nothing in the pipeline flagged the sampling error — which is why a sampling-adequacy check is on the roadmap, not in the product.

Two quantum processors, one frozen contract — fully public.

In a separate, openly published study, a single pre-registered contract (SHA-256 44d34db0…), hashed before any result was seen, was applied across an exact solver, a noisy simulator, a device-calibrated twin, and two independent IBM Heron processors — Kingston and Fez.

It accepted the exact reference, abstained honestly on a shot-limited valid hardware run, and flagged a deliberately corrupted one — the complete ACCEPT / FLAG / ABSTAIN triad, on real hardware, from one hashed contract. Every verdict recomputes from published data with two one-command scripts: no QPU re-run, no "trust us."

Open repository — code, data, and verifiers: github.com/amitb-quantum/helium-vqe-assurance

Invariant detector · simulation
On 35 simulated quantum-chemistry records with independent ground truth, the detector reproduced the classification with zero disagreements — 30 clean accepted, 5 bad flagged. With five positives, the sensitivity confidence interval remains wide; we report the count, not a validation claim.
Frozen contract · real hardware
On IBM Kingston (156-qubit Heron r2), a single pre-registered contract accepted a valid result and flagged a violating one — both verdicts from the same hashed contract and threshold.
Pre-registered error ledger · public
A four-experiment decoherence-free-subspace study published with an eleven-entry public deviations ledger — including a withdrawn analysis and a falsified, amended model — and two pre-registered nulls reported as findings, not buried. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21302900
Multi-backend footprint
Published, reproducible hardware results across three independent Heron-class processors — Kingston, Fez, and Marrakesh — each anchored to public IBM Quantum job IDs and deposited raw data.
Reproducible provenance: the five-probe hardware run is bound to public IBM Quantum job IDs. The structured-probe observable was independently recomputed from the returned measurement data and reproduced the published value <Y0·Z1> = −0.701172 exactly. The claim is not "trust us" — it is "clone the repo and run the verifier scripts": every verdict recomputes from published data, anchored to public IBM Quantum job IDs, with no QPU re-run and no dependence on third-party job access.
For Platforms

An assurance layer,
not another algorithm.

For a platform like IBM Quantum or Google Quantum AI, the value is not merely a faster result. It is a workload-specific execution assurance layer: use the provider's calibration, qualify the realized physical path, freeze the contract before execution, and adjudicate the returned result afterward. The goal is to spend QPU budget on executions whose placement, timing and control context are actually fit for the workload.

Pre-registered verdicts

Contracts, policies, and thresholds are frozen and hashed before the result is seen — the acceptance rule can't move after the data lands.

Recomputable results

Verdicts and observables regenerate from the provider's own returned data, tied to public job IDs — auditable by anyone, after the fact, with no QPU re-run.

Self-suspecting by design

The pipeline is architected to flag its own reference models and repairs before attributing a discrepancy to hardware — the property that prevents false alarms about your QPU.

Execution-path qualification

Evaluates the physical path the transpiled workload will experience — placement, schedule, idle exposure and dynamic-control context — rather than assuming a healthy calibration snapshot guarantees a healthy workload.

Temporal sampling adequacy

Checks whether a registered time-domain sampling grid can resolve the dynamics the analysis claims to infer, reducing the risk that aliasing is mistaken for decoherence, drift or anomalous hardware behavior.

Shadow-mode ready

Runs alongside jobs that execute anyway, logging the verdicts and placements it would have produced — evaluated against real outcomes without affecting a single user job.

Knows when to abstain

A verifier that always answers is not measuring its own resolution. When the data cannot certify a result, the verdict is ABSTAIN — an honest "not yet," not a false pass. That restraint is what makes an ACCEPT mean something.

Beyond Quantum · intended application

The same discipline,
wherever you can't check the answer.

Declare the invariants, freeze and hash the contract before the result, score ACCEPT / FLAG / ABSTAIN. Nothing in that is quantum-specific. It applies wherever you cannot check a result against ground truth but can constrain it by rules the right answer must obey — financial model validation (SR 11-7), AI/ML evaluation contracts, simulation conservation laws, clinical endpoint pre-specification.

Stated as intended applications, not demonstrated capability. Quantum is where the method has been exercised on real hardware, and where invariants are unusually sharp — which is what makes it a good proving ground.

Scope & Discipline

What the pipeline is —
and the lines we hold.

What it is

Demonstrated, reproducible, pre-registered
  • An end-to-end provenance trail: preflight context → execution → postflight verdict
  • A validated invariant detector — simulation ground truth, then real hardware
  • Frozen, hash-bound contracts with verdicts recomputable from the provider's own data
  • A pipeline that flags its own reference-model faults before blaming hardware
  • Preflight qubit selection demonstrated end-to-end on a third party's published protocol
  • Execution-path qualification methodology demonstrated on IBM hardware with a prospectively held-out timing test
  • Temporal sampling adequacy identified as a preflight gate after a follow-up resolved an aliased device dynamic
  • Architecturally end-to-end today; unified single-command runner in integration
Boundaries we hold

We attribute discrepancies conservatively — never to hardware without isolating the cause. No detected anomaly is claimed unless the mundane explanations are ruled out first.

We state IP precisely. QuantaCore™ and Eigenspectrum™ are filed trademark applications (Eigenspectrum on an intent-to-use basis) — described as filed, never as registered.

Status · Research Prototype
Pipeline: end-to-end architecture demonstrated stage by stage on real IBM hardware; execution-path qualification is being integrated into QuantaCore preflight, with the unified single-command runner in integration. IP status: QuantaCore™ and Eigenspectrum™ trademark applications filed; public materials describe only reproducible validation workflows.

Built on evidence, bound by provenance.

Quantum Clarity is an end-to-end assurance pipeline for quantum operations — from provider calibration and workload-specific execution-path qualification through postflight, contract-bound verdicts. Every figure is designed to remain reproducible from the provider's own output. We are open to technical evaluation, research collaboration, and shadow-mode validation partnerships.

Or contact directly: info@quantum-clarity.com